In general, higher numbers work better for extracting the centerchannel, while lower values work better for removing the centerchannel. Lower values allow more bleed through and may not effectivelyseparate vocals from a mix, but they may be more effective at capturingall the center material. In general, a range from 2 to 7 works well.
Vst Center Channel Extractor Download
The underlying technique in Audacity is to split the stereo track into its left and right channels, make both mono, invert all (or a selected part) of one of them then play back the result. Note, this removes everything panned in the center, not just vocals, and returns a dual mono result (both channels have the same audio). In some music this could mean removing instrumental parts. Removal of the vocals can often be incomplete leaving artifacts behind; this is especially true where there are backing vocals or where reverb (echo) has been applied as this spreads sound sources and makes them very hard to extract from each other.
Another option, if you're adventurous, is Center Cutwhich is a public domain utility that claims to remove (or isolate) vocals in the centerwhile maintainting the left and right stereo channels. The link above is to a page thatdescribes the algorithm, and you can download the program in the pane at the left.
Yet another possible method is to use a stereo receiver thatcan decode Dolby ProLogic surround. Even inexpensive receivers have this feature, whichalso can remove or keep the center while maintaining the left and right channels. To use aDolby-capable receiver you'll set it to ProLogic while playing the music, then record fromthe left and right line outputs to keep the music only. Or record the center channel tokeep the vocal and discard the left and right sides.
You can reduce the level of a vocal (or other lead instrument) in astereo recording by taking advantage of how vocals are generally recorded: in mono andplaced centered in the mix. Since the vocal track is present in both the left and rightchannels equally, you can, in theory, remove it or at least reduce its level bysubtracting one channel from the other. Instruments panned away from center will not beremoved, although the tone of those instruments will probably be affected. The basicprocedure is to reverse the polarity of one channel, and then combine that with the otherchannel. Any content that is common to both channels will thus be canceled, leaving onlythose parts of the stereo mix that are different in the two channels. Reversing thepolarity of an audio signal means that the parts of the waveform having a positive voltageare made negative, and vice versa. (This is often incorrectly called reversing the phase.)One important drawback inherent in vocal removal is that, by definition, it reduces astereo mix to mono. Since you are combining the two channels to cancel the vocal, you endup with only one channel. However, there are ways to synthesize a stereo effect afterward,and that will be described later.
Important note added November 21,2002: You cannot remove vocals effectively if your source is an MP3file. In order to remove vocals, the vocals in the left and right channels must be exactlyidentical. Then when the polarity is reversed in one channel and the channels arecombined, anything common to both channels - what's panned in the center - is cancelled.But MP3 encoding processes the two channels separately, so they are not identical enoughto cancel.
It is impossible to completely remove a vocal or reduce its level,without affecting other instruments in the mix. First, even though most vocals are placedequally in the left and right channels, stereo reverb is usually added to vocal tracks. Soeven if you could completely remove the raw vocal itself, some or all of the reverb issure to remain, leaving an eerie "ghost" image. If you plan to record yourselfsinging over the resultant track, the new vocal can have its own reverb added, and you maybe able to mix your voice loud enough to mask the ghost reverb from the original vocaltrack. Another limitation arises because vocals are not the only thing panned to thecenter of the mix. Usually, the bass and kick drum are also smack in the middle, and thoseget canceled along with the vocal! However, you can minimize this problem by rolling offthe lowest bass frequencies on one channel before combining it with the other. Since onechannel now has less low end than the other, the low frequency instruments will notcompletely cancel. In fact, of the software programs I've seen that offer a vocal removalfeature, none alter the low end on one channel before combining, so the bass and kick areeliminated along with the vocal.
It is possible that combining the two channels will exceed 0 dB, andyou will need to reduce the level of both channels a few dB. If you lower onlyone channel, the two channels will not combine equally, and the vocal level won't bereduced as much as possible. To roll off the bass frequencies, I used Sound Forge'sParametric EQ in the high-pass mode set for 20 dB of cut starting at 200 Hz. (This filtersetting affects the lows, so why does Sonic Foundry call it high-pass rather thanlow-cut?!) If you use Sound Forge, be sure to select the highest accuracy filter mode,since how quickly the EQ is written to the file is less important than having the filterperform exactly as you ask it to. Besides cutting the extreme low end on one channel, youcan optionally reduce some of the highs too. This lets you retain strings and cymbals andother instruments that have treble content and are centered in the mix. In general, youcan cut those frequencies that are outside the vocal range - for male singers you need tostart the roll-off at a lower frequency than for females. Remember, the frequencies youcut from one channel are the ones that will not be canceled when you reverse thepolarity and merge it with the other channel.
Two final items are worth mentioning. First, if your multi-tracksoftware requires DirectX plug-ins for EQ and polarity reversal, the inherent delay willprevent the desired cancellation and all you'll get is a phased sound with the vocal stillpresent. In that case you should reverse the polarity and roll off the low end in a stereoeditor that writes directly to the file, and load the result back into your multi-trackrecorder. I'll also mention that it is possible to cancel a vocal from a stereo file whilekeeping the original stereo image. If you create a mono Wave file that is a simple mix ofboth the left and right channels, you can reverse its polarity and mix it with theoriginal stereo recording. This cancels the vocal and other centered instruments, andreverses the left and right channels as a side effect. Although this should be superior tomy method of reducing the mix to mono, in practice it did not work as well. More of thevocal leaked through, and the non-centered instruments were partially canceled.
A vocal remover is a tool used for separating the vocals and the instruments in a song into two separate stem tracks. Some vocal removers are AI-powered, while others work by isolating the center channel in a stereo mix or reversing the polarity of the left and right channels.
Most production techniques used to remove vocals revolve around the idea that vocals sit in a certain area of the mix, panning-wise. Most commonly found at the center of the mix, vocals can be extracted from songs by isolating the center channel and keeping just the side channels.
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